Idioms
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Idioms of the Week
Week Beginning 5/3/98
 
GRASP AT STRAWS (English) MAN OF STRAW (English)
 
To see substance in the flimsy or meaning in the insignificant; to find ground for hope where none exists. 
  
In common usage since the 18th century, the expression derives from the even older self-explanatory proverb: 

"A drowning man will catch at a straw." 
  
 
THE LAST STRAW (English) 
  
That which constitutes the final limit of endurance. 
 
     
THE STRAW THAT BROKE THE CAMEL'S BACK (English)

The last in a series of cumulative irritations, unpleasant tasks, reponsibilities, or remarks (especially a seemingly minor one) that pushes a person's patience and endurance beyond his or her limits; a final setback, one which demoralizes someone or destroys an enterprise or other matter.
 
The camel, a beast of burden, stubbornly refuses to move if given too heavy a load to bear. Although a single straw on a camel's back has an insignificant weight, many straws can produce a burder which may be too heavy to bear, figuratively breaking the camel's back.
 
By implication, then, a person subjected to one too many misfortunes or vexations may be pushed beyond his or limits and respond suddenly and explosively in a manner that seems disproportionate to the provocation. This expression has several variations, the most common of which is the last straw (see above).
 
 
NO SE DUERME EN LAS PAJAS (Spanish) 
  
The Spanish translation, "He doesn't fall asleep in the straw" is equivalent to the English, "He doesn't let the grass grow under his feet." 
  
Even though straw is good to sleep on, the word usually means "worthless." Thus, in Spanish, "to quarrel over straws" is to quarrel over trifles. The English, on the other hand, say, "I don't give a straw."

The phrase "man of straw" first appeared in print in the late 16th century. Thomas DeQuincey used it in its current sense in 1840 (Works). 
  
"It is always Socrates and Crito, or Socrates and Phraedrus, ... in fact, Socrates and some man of straw or good-humoured nine-pin set up to bowled down as a matter of course."
 
The expression is used to indicate a (often imaginary) person, object, or abstract entity set up for the purpose of being knocked down. Thus, it can also mean "a front, a diversionary tactic, a red herring, ... a cipher."
  
The English say, "He's just a straw man" (or "man of straw") to connote a nonentity or ineffectual person. In the past, the term was also used to describe an impoverished person or indigent. This usage is rare today, however.
     
The common denominator of these various meanings is the sense of straw as a thing of little worth, substance, or solidity, current in the language since the time of Chaucer. 
    
Apparently, the original "man of straw" was a man of little substance or means in the monetary sense (i.e., poor). These people were likely to sell their services as witnesses. Supposedly, the sign of their availability was a straw in their shoe. Thus, "man of straw" (or the equally common straw man) came to mean one who let himself be used for others' purposes.
 

 
In both France and Italy, a "straw man" means a clown. In France, it's le paillasse. In Italy, il pagliaccio.
 
From Picturesque Expressions:  A Thematic Dictionary, by Laurence Urdang & Nancy LaRoche (Gale Research Co., 1980). 
Also from Idiom's Delight: Fascinating Phrases and Linguistic Eccentricities, by Suzanne Brock (Times Books, 1988). 
Also from Handbook of American Idioms and Idiomatic Usage, by Harold C. Whitford & Robert J. Dixson (Regents Publ. Co., 1973)
 
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